مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	آزمون تعقیبی Games-Howell	تصحیح بونفرونی
حوزه	آمار	آمار
خانواده	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test
سال پیدایش	1976	1961
پدیدآور	Paul A. Games & John F. Howell	Carlo Emilio Bonferroni; formalized for multiple comparisons by Olive Jean Dunn
نوع	Parametric pairwise comparison	Family-wise error rate (FWER) correction
منبع بنیادین	Games, P. A. & Howell, J. F. (1976). Pairwise multiple comparison procedures with unequal N's and/or variances: A Monte Carlo study. Journal of Educational Statistics, 1(2), 113–125.	Bonferroni, C. E. (1936). Teoria statistica delle classi e calcolo delle probabilità. Pubblicazioni del R Istituto Superiore di Scienze Economiche e Commerciali di Firenze, 8, 3–62.
نام‌های دیگر	Games-Howell post-hoc, Games-Howell procedure, Games-Howell Post-Hoc Testi	Bonferroni adjustment, Bonferroni method, Bonferroni procedure, FWER correction
مرتبط	4	5
خلاصه	The Games-Howell test is a parametric post-hoc multiple comparison procedure that identifies which pairs of group means differ significantly after an omnibus ANOVA reveals a significant overall effect. Proposed by Games and Howell in 1976, it is specifically designed for situations where group variances and/or sample sizes are unequal, making it the recommended alternative to Tukey HSD whenever Levene's test signals heteroscedasticity.	The Bonferroni correction is a conservative, universally applicable method for controlling the family-wise error rate (FWER) when conducting multiple simultaneous hypothesis tests. Grounded in Bonferroni's 1936 probability inequality and formalized for multiple comparisons by Olive Jean Dunn in 1961, the procedure divides the target significance level α by the number of tests m, ensuring that the probability of making even one false rejection across the entire family of tests does not exceed α.