مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	نظریه تعمیم‌پذیری (G-Theory)	تحلیل عاملی تأییدی	آلفای کرونباخ (تحلیل پایایی)
حوزه	روان‌سنجی	روان‌سنجی	آمار
خانواده	Latent structure	Latent structure	Latent structure
سال پیدایش	1963	1969	1951
پدیدآور	Lee J. Cronbach and colleagues	Karl Jöreskog	Lee J. Cronbach
نوع	ANOVA-based variance-component framework	Measurement model / latent variable analysis	Reliability / internal consistency coefficient
منبع بنیادین	Brennan, R. L. (2001). Generalizability Theory. Springer.	Brown, T. A. (2015). Confirmatory Factor Analysis for Applied Research (2nd ed.). Guilford Press. ISBN: 978-1462515363	Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16(3), 297–334.
نام‌های دیگر	Generalizability Theory, G-Study / D-Study framework, Genellenebilirlik Kuramı (G-Kuramı)	Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi — Ölçek Doğrulama (CFA), confirmatory factor analysis, measurement model testing	coefficient alpha, alpha reliability, internal consistency reliability, Güvenilirlik Analizi (Cronbach Alpha)
مرتبط	6	6	4
خلاصه	Generalizability Theory, developed by Lee J. Cronbach and colleagues in the 1960s and formalised by Brennan (2001), is an ANOVA-based framework that extends Classical Test Theory by decomposing observed score variance into multiple, separately identified sources of measurement error — such as raters, tasks, occasions, or items — rather than bundling all error into a single undifferentiated term.	Confirmatory factor analysis is a measurement modelling technique that tests whether a hypothesised factor structure — typically derived from theory or an earlier exploratory analysis — fits observed data from a new sample. Developed by Karl Jöreskog in 1969, it became the dominant tool for validating psychological scales because it requires the researcher to specify in advance which items belong to which latent factor and then assesses the adequacy of that specification against explicit statistical fit criteria.	Cronbach's alpha is a coefficient of internal consistency that quantifies the degree to which a set of items on a scale measures the same underlying construct. Introduced by Lee J. Cronbach in 1951, it remains the most widely reported reliability index in social-science, health, and educational research.