مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	طراحی مطالعه رویداد در پژوهش‌های آموزشی	روش کنترل ترکیبی (SCM)
حوزه	استنتاج علّی	استنتاج علّی
خانواده	Regression model	Regression model
سال پیدایش	1993 (general); 2000s–2010s (education applications)	2010
پدیدآور	Jacobson, LaLonde & Sullivan (1993); popularized in education by Lafortune, Rothstein & Schanzenbach (2018) and subsequent education-policy literature	Abadie, Diamond & Hainmueller
نوع	Quasi-experimental / causal inference	Counterfactual causal-inference model
منبع بنیادین	Jacobson, L. S., LaLonde, R. J., & Sullivan, D. G. (1993). Earnings Losses of Displaced Workers. American Economic Review, 83(4), 685-709.	Abadie, A., Diamond, A., & Hainmueller, J. (2010). Synthetic Control Methods for Comparative Case Studies: Estimating the Effect of California's Tobacco Control Program. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 105(490), 493-505.
نام‌های دیگر	event study, education event study, policy event study, dynamic difference-in-differences	synthetic control method, SCM, synthetic counterfactual, Sentetik Kontrol Yöntemi (SCM)
مرتبط	5	5
خلاصه	An event study design tracks how educational outcomes evolve before and after a clearly defined event — such as a school finance reform, accountability policy, or curriculum change — for affected and unaffected units. By estimating period-by-period treatment effects relative to a baseline period, it delivers both a causal estimate of the policy's impact and a transparent test of the parallel-trends assumption underpinning difference-in-differences.	The Synthetic Control Method, introduced by Abadie, Diamond and Hainmueller in 2010, builds a weighted counterfactual for a single treated unit from a pool of untreated donor units. It is widely regarded as the gold standard for evaluating large policy interventions, natural experiments, and N=1 case studies where no obvious comparison unit exists.