مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	طراحی مطالعه رویداد در پژوهش‌های آموزشی	روش تفاوت در تفاوت (Diff-in-Diff)
حوزه	استنتاج علّی	اقتصادسنجی
خانواده	Regression model	Regression model
سال پیدایش	1993 (general); 2000s–2010s (education applications)	1994
پدیدآور	Jacobson, LaLonde & Sullivan (1993); popularized in education by Lafortune, Rothstein & Schanzenbach (2018) and subsequent education-policy literature	Card & Krueger (canonical 1994 application); Angrist & Pischke (textbook treatment)
نوع	Quasi-experimental / causal inference	Causal inference / panel regression
منبع بنیادین	Jacobson, L. S., LaLonde, R. J., & Sullivan, D. G. (1993). Earnings Losses of Displaced Workers. American Economic Review, 83(4), 685-709.	Angrist, J. D., & Pischke, J.-S. (2009). Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion. Princeton University Press. ISBN: 978-0691120355
نام‌های دیگر	event study, education event study, policy event study, dynamic difference-in-differences	diff-in-diff, DiD, Farkların Farkı (Diff-in-Diff)
مرتبط	5	5
خلاصه	An event study design tracks how educational outcomes evolve before and after a clearly defined event — such as a school finance reform, accountability policy, or curriculum change — for affected and unaffected units. By estimating period-by-period treatment effects relative to a baseline period, it delivers both a causal estimate of the policy's impact and a transparent test of the parallel-trends assumption underpinning difference-in-differences.	Difference-in-Differences is a causal-inference method that estimates the effect of an intervention by comparing how a treatment group and a control group change over time. Made famous by Card and Krueger's 1994 minimum-wage study and developed in Angrist and Pischke's Mostly Harmless Econometrics, it isolates the treatment effect as the difference between the two groups' before-after changes.