مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	مقیاس جهت‌گیری کارآفرینانه	مقیاس جهت‌گیری استراتژیک
حوزه	مدیریت استراتژیک	مدیریت استراتژیک
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1983	1978
پدیدآور	Danny Miller	Miles and Snow; extended by Miller and Friesen
نوع	Organizational self-report questionnaire	Organizational self-report questionnaire
منبع بنیادین	Miller, D. (1983). The correlates of entrepreneurship in three types of firms. Management Science, 29(7), 770–791.	Miles, R. E., & Snow, C. C. (1978). Organizational strategy, structure, and process. McGraw-Hill.
نام‌های دیگر	EO Scale, Miller Scale	Strategic Posture Scale, Miller-Friesen Framework
مرتبط	5	5
خلاصه	The Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) Scale, developed by Danny Miller (1983), measures the extent to which an organization exhibits strategic postures characteristic of entrepreneurship. It assesses three core dimensions—innovativeness, risk-taking, and proactiveness—that distinguish entrepreneurial from conservative firms. This framework has become foundational in strategic management research and organizational behavior.	Strategic Orientation refers to the fundamental approach an organization adopts when competing in its market, encompassing its competitive strategy, market focus, and organizational design. Miles and Snow's (1978) foundational framework identifies four strategic postures: Defenders (focus on stable market segments, operational efficiency, and incremental innovation), Prospectors (pursue new market opportunities, drive innovation, accept higher risk), Analyzers (balance efficiency and innovation, serve established markets while exploring adjacent opportunities), and Reactors (lack clear strategy, respond reactively to environmental pressures). This scale operationalizes Miles and Snow's framework, revealing an organization's strategic type and fit with its environment and structure.