مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	مقیاس جهت‌گیری کارآفرینانه	مقیاس دوسوتوانی نوآوری
حوزه	مدیریت استراتژیک	مدیریت استراتژیک
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1983	1991
پدیدآور	Danny Miller	James G. March
نوع	Organizational self-report questionnaire	Organizational self-report questionnaire
منبع بنیادین	Miller, D. (1983). The correlates of entrepreneurship in three types of firms. Management Science, 29(7), 770–791.	March, J. G. (1991). Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning. Organization Science, 2(1), 71–87.
نام‌های دیگر	EO Scale, Miller Scale	Ambidexterity Scale, Exploration-Exploitation Scale
مرتبط	5	5
خلاصه	The Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) Scale, developed by Danny Miller (1983), measures the extent to which an organization exhibits strategic postures characteristic of entrepreneurship. It assesses three core dimensions—innovativeness, risk-taking, and proactiveness—that distinguish entrepreneurial from conservative firms. This framework has become foundational in strategic management research and organizational behavior.	Innovation Ambidexterity—the organizational capacity to simultaneously engage in exploration (pursuing radical, novel innovations) and exploitation (improving and extending existing products and processes)—is fundamental to sustained competitive advantage. March (1991) formalized this trade-off in Organization Science, arguing that organizations must balance the two to survive and thrive. Exploration alone leads to variety but insufficient returns; exploitation alone leads to competence traps and vulnerability to disruption. This scale, operationalized by He and Wong (2004) and extended by Jansen et al. (2006), measures organizational capability in both domains and the degree to which firms balance competing innovation imperatives.