مقایسهٔ روشها
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| تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی برای توسعه مقیاس (EFA)× | مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری (SEM)× | |
|---|---|---|
| حوزه≠ | روانسنجی | آمار |
| خانواده | Latent structure | Latent structure |
| سال پیدایش≠ | 1904 (foundational); contemporary scale-development practice from 1990s onward | 1970 |
| پدیدآور≠ | Primarily Spearman (1904); psychometric scale application formalised by Thurstone (1930s) | Karl Jöreskog (LISREL framework, 1970s) |
| نوع≠ | Latent variable / dimension reduction | Latent variable / causal modeling |
| منبع بنیادین≠ | Costello, A. B. & Osborne, J. W. (2005). Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: Four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 10(7), 1–9. link ↗ | Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J. & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate Data Analysis (8th ed.). Cengage Learning. ISBN: 978-1473756540 |
| نامهای دیگر≠ | Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi — Ölçek Geliştirme (EFA), psychometric EFA, scale construction factor analysis | Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi (SEM), structural equation modelling, covariance structure analysis, latent variable modeling |
| مرتبط | 5 | 5 |
| خلاصه≠ | Exploratory Factor Analysis for Scale Development is the psychometric application of EFA in which an item pool is administered and the resulting response data are analysed to discover the latent factor structure underlying the items. Originating with Spearman's (1904) factor theory and formalised for applied scale construction by Costello and Osborne (2005) and Fabrigar and colleagues (1999), this variant imposes a stricter sample requirement (n ≥ 100, subject-to-item ratio ≥ 5) and a higher loading threshold (≥ 0.40) than general EFA, and it treats the recovered factor structure as a draft to be subsequently validated by confirmatory analysis. | Structural equation modeling is a multivariate statistical framework that simultaneously estimates a measurement model — relating observed indicators to latent constructs — and a structural model specifying directional or reciprocal relationships among those constructs. Rooted in the LISREL tradition developed by Karl Jöreskog in the 1970s, SEM is the standard tool for testing complex theoretical models in the social, behavioural, and management sciences. |
| ScholarGateمجموعهداده ↗ |
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