مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	تفاوت-در-تفاوت در پژوهش‌های آموزشی	روش کنترل ترکیبی (SCM)
حوزه	استنتاج علّی	استنتاج علّی
خانواده	Regression model	Regression model
سال پیدایش	1990s–2000s	2003–2010
پدیدآور	Dynarski, Card, Angrist, and colleagues — applied in education economics from the 1990s onward	Alberto Abadie & Javier Gardeazabal (2003); Abadie, Diamond & Hainmueller (2010)
نوع	Quasi-experimental causal inference	Quasi-experimental causal inference
منبع بنیادین	Dynarski, S. M. (2003). Does Aid Matter? Measuring the Effect of Student Aid on College Attendance and Completion. American Economic Review, 93(1), 279-288.	Abadie, A., Diamond, A., & Hainmueller, J. (2010). Synthetic Control Methods for Comparative Case Studies: Estimating the Effect of California's Tobacco Control Program. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 105(490), 493-505.
نام‌های دیگر	DiD in education, education DiD, quasi-experimental education design, education policy DiD	SCM, synthetic control, synth estimator, Abadie-Diamond-Hainmueller method
مرتبط	5	4
خلاصه	Difference-in-Differences (DiD) in education research applies the classic quasi-experimental DiD estimator to evaluate education policies, programs, and reforms. Researchers compare changes in student, school, or district outcomes between a group exposed to an intervention and a comparable unexposed group across pre- and post-intervention periods, isolating policy effects from background trends.	The Synthetic Control Method estimates the causal effect of a treatment or policy on a single treated unit by constructing a weighted combination of untreated units — the synthetic control — that closely resembles the treated unit before the intervention. The gap between the treated unit and its synthetic counterpart after the intervention is the estimated treatment effect.