مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	آمار توصیفی	Gender Gap Decomposition	Unpaid Work Valuation
حوزه	آمار	Gender Studies	Gender Studies
خانواده	Hypothesis test	Regression model	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1977	1973	2008
پدیدآور	John W. Tukey	Ronald Oaxaca & Alan Blinder	Feminist economists & national-accounts statisticians (Nancy Folbre; UN SNA)
نوع	Summary procedure	Regression-based decomposition of a mean group difference	Imputation-based monetary valuation of non-market work
منبع بنیادین	Tukey, J.W. (1977). Exploratory Data Analysis. Addison-Wesley. ISBN: 978-0201076165	Oaxaca, R. (1973). Male-female wage differentials in urban labor markets. International Economic Review, 14(3), 693–709.	European Commission, IMF, OECD, United Nations, & World Bank (2009). System of National Accounts 2008. United Nations. ISBN: 9789211615227
نام‌های دیگر	summary statistics, exploratory data summary, Betimsel İstatistik	Oaxaca-Blinder Decomposition, Blinder-Oaxaca Decomposition, Wage Gap Decomposition	Household Production Valuation, Valuation of Unpaid Care Work, Imputed Value of Unpaid Work
مرتبط	6	3	4
خلاصه	Descriptive statistics is a set of procedures that numerically and visually summarises the essential characteristics of a dataset: central tendency (mean, median, mode), spread (standard deviation, interquartile range), shape (skewness, kurtosis), and frequency distributions. Systematised for applied data analysis by John W. Tukey in his 1977 work on Exploratory Data Analysis, descriptive statistics serves as the indispensable first step before any inferential or modelling procedure.	Gender gap decomposition, most often implemented as the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition, splits the mean difference in an outcome such as wages between men and women into a part explained by differences in measured characteristics (education, experience, occupation) and an unexplained residual part attributed to differences in how those characteristics are rewarded. Introduced independently by Ronald Oaxaca and Alan Blinder in 1973, it is the workhorse method for quantifying how much of the gender pay gap reflects composition versus differential treatment.	Unpaid work valuation assigns a monetary value to the household and care work — cooking, cleaning, childcare, eldercare — that falls outside the market and is therefore excluded from gross domestic product. By multiplying measured hours of unpaid work by an imputed wage, it makes the economic contribution of this overwhelmingly female-performed labor visible, typically reported in national-accounts satellite accounts as recommended by the System of National Accounts.