مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	نظریه شواهد دمپستر-شافر	احتمال غیردقیق
حوزه	محاسبات نرم	محاسبات نرم
خانواده	Machine learning	Bayesian methods
سال پیدایش	1976	1991
پدیدآور	Arthur P. Dempster & Glenn Shafer	Peter Walley
نوع	Uncertainty calculus for combining evidence	Set-valued probability model
منبع بنیادین	Dempster, A. P. (1967). Upper and lower probabilities induced by a multivalued mapping. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 38(2), 325–339.	Walley, P. (1991). Statistical Reasoning with Imprecise Probabilities. Chapman & Hall. ISBN: 978-0-412-28660-5
نام‌های دیگر	evidence theory, belief functions, evidential reasoning, Dempster-Shafer kanıt teorisi	Lower-Upper Probability, Robust Bayesian Analysis, Credal Set Theory, Belirsiz Olasılık
مرتبط	4	3
خلاصه	Dempster-Shafer theory is a mathematical framework for reasoning under uncertainty that generalizes Bayesian probability by representing ignorance explicitly. Instead of forcing a single probability on each hypothesis, it assigns belief mass to sets of hypotheses and derives a belief-plausibility interval, and it provides Dempster's rule for fusing evidence from multiple independent sources. Developed from Arthur Dempster's 1967 work and Glenn Shafer's 1976 monograph, it underpins evidential reasoning and sensor/decision fusion.	Imprecise probability is a generalization of standard probability theory that represents epistemic uncertainty through sets of probability measures, called credal sets, rather than a single precise distribution. Introduced systematically by Peter Walley in his 1991 monograph, the framework characterizes beliefs via lower and upper probabilities (or previsions), bracketing the range of plausible probability assignments when available information is insufficient to determine a unique measure.