مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	پژوهش عملی کنشگرانه آموزشی انتقادی	تحلیل گفتمان انتقادی
حوزه	روش‌های میدانی	کیفی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1986	Late 1970s–1990s (systematised ~1979–1995)
پدیدآور	Wilfred Carr & Stephen Kemmis	Norman Fairclough; Teun A. van Dijk; Ruth Wodak
نوع	Qualitative participatory research design	Qualitative research method
منبع بنیادین	Carr, W., & Kemmis, S. (1986). Becoming Critical: Education, Knowledge and Action Research. Falmer Press. ISBN: 978-1850000235	Fairclough, N. (1992). Discourse and Social Change. Polity Press.
نام‌های دیگر	critical-emancipatory action research, CEAR, critical participatory action research in education, emancipatory educational inquiry	CDA, Critical Linguistics, Discourse-Historical Approach, Dialectical-Relational Analysis
مرتبط	4	6
خلاصه	Critical educational action research is a cyclical, participatory research design in which educators collaboratively examine and transform their own practice through iterative cycles of planning, action, observation, and critical reflection. Grounded in critical theory, it goes beyond improving techniques to questioning the social, institutional, and ideological conditions that shape educational practice, aiming at emancipation from unjust or oppressive structures.	Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is a qualitative method that examines how language in texts and talk constructs, sustains, and challenges relations of power, ideology, and social inequality. Drawing on linguistics, social theory, and critical philosophy, CDA treats discourse not merely as communication but as social practice — a site where dominance is reproduced and where resistance can be articulated. Developed in the late twentieth century by Norman Fairclough, Teun van Dijk, and Ruth Wodak, among others, CDA is applied to political speeches, media texts, policy documents, educational materials, and institutional interactions.