مقایسهٔ روشها
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| مقیاس افسردگی مرکز مطالعات اپیدمیولوژیک (CES-D)× | مقیاس اضطراب و افسردگی بیمارستان (HADS)× | مقیاس ۱۰ گانه اختلال روانی کسلر (K10)× | |
|---|---|---|---|
| حوزه | روانشناسی بالینی | روانشناسی بالینی | روانشناسی بالینی |
| خانواده | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| سال پیدایش≠ | 1977 | 1983 | 2002 |
| پدیدآور≠ | Lenore Sawyer Radloff | Andrew S. Zigmond and Richard P. Snaith | Ronald C. Kessler and colleagues |
| نوع≠ | Community-based depression assessment | Anxiety and depression screening in medical populations | Non-specific psychological distress screening |
| منبع بنیادین≠ | Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385-401. DOI ↗ | Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67(6), 361-370. DOI ↗ | Kessler, R. C., Andrews, G., Colpe, L. Y., Hiripi, E., Mroczek, D. K., Normand, S. L., ... & Zaslavsky, A. M. (2002). Short screening scales to monitor population prevalences and trends in non-specific psychological distress. Psychological Medicine, 32(6), 959-976. DOI ↗ |
| نامهای دیگر≠ | CES-D, CESD | HADS, HADS-A, HADS-D | K10, K6, Kessler Scale |
| مرتبط≠ | 5 | 4 | 5 |
| خلاصه≠ | The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is a 20-item self-report instrument for measuring depressive symptoms in the general population. Developed by Lenore Radloff in 1977, the CES-D was designed for epidemiological research to rapidly identify depression in community samples. It remains a widely used measure in public health, aging research, and longitudinal cohort studies worldwide. | The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a 14-item self-report instrument measuring anxiety and depression symptoms in medically ill populations. Developed by Zigmond and Snaith in 1983, the HADS was specifically designed for hospital and general medical settings where somatic symptoms of medical illness may confound assessment. It remains the standard anxiety-depression measure in medical, oncology, and cardiac populations worldwide. | The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale-10 (K10) is a 10-item self-report measure of non-specific psychological distress and mental health problems. Developed by Kessler and colleagues in 2002, the K10 was designed as an ultra-brief screening instrument for population surveys and epidemiological research. A shorter 6-item version (K6) is also widely used for rapid case identification. |
| ScholarGateمجموعهداده ↗ |
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