مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	پرسشنامه CAGE	AUDIT-C	پرومیس
حوزه	سنجش سلامت	سنجش سلامت	سنجش سلامت
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1974	2003	2010
پدیدآور	John A. Ewing and colleagues	Babor and colleagues; adapted by Bush and colleagues at Veterans Affairs	National Institutes of Health (NIH) and National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)
نوع	Brief alcohol dependence screening questionnaire	Brief alcohol consumption screening tool	Computer-adaptive testing and fixed-length patient-reported outcome measures
منبع بنیادین	Ewing, J. A. (1984). Detecting alcoholism: the CAGE questionnaire. JAMA, 252(14), 1905–1907.	Babor, T. F., Higgins-Biddle, J. C., Saunders, J. B., & Monteiro, M. G. (2001). The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test: Guidelines for use in primary care (2nd ed.). World Health Organization.	Cella, D., Yount, S., Rothrock, N., et al. (2010). The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS): progress of an NIH Roadmap cooperative group during its first two years. Medical Care, 45(Suppl 1), S3–S11.
نام‌های دیگر	CAGE, Cut-Annoyed-Guilty-Eye Opener, Alcohol Dependency Screen	AUDIT-C Alcohol Screening, Three-Item Alcohol Screen	PROMIS measures, NIH PROMIS, Computer Adaptive Testing PROMIS
مرتبط	5	5	5
خلاصه	The CAGE is a 4-item brief alcohol screening questionnaire developed by Ewing and colleagues in the 1970s. The acronym represents the four questions: Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, Eye opener. Published in 1984, it has become one of the most widely used brief alcohol screens in medical practice due to its simplicity and historical validation.	The AUDIT-C is a 3-item brief alcohol screening tool derived from the first three questions of the full AUDIT. Published by Bush and colleagues in 2003, it assesses alcohol consumption frequency and quantity in under one minute. The AUDIT-C has become the standard ultra-brief screen for problem drinking in primary care and emergency departments.	The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) is a comprehensive, flexible system of patient-reported outcome measures developed by the National Institutes of Health. Launched in 2010, PROMIS measures health across multiple domains using both fixed-item forms and computer-adaptive testing (CAT). It has become the gold standard for outcomes measurement in clinical trials and health systems research.