مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	Anticipatory Governance Analysis	Responsible Research and Innovation Assessment
حوزه	Science Technology Studies	Science Technology Studies
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	2008	2013
پدیدآور	David H. Guston, Daniel Barben, Erik Fisher, Cynthia Selin	Jack Stilgoe, Richard Owen, Phil Macnaghten
نوع	Governance framework and analytic approach for emerging technologies	Normative governance and reflexive-assessment process
منبع بنیادین	Guston, D. H. (2014). Understanding 'anticipatory governance'. Social Studies of Science, 44(2), 218-242.	Stilgoe, J., Owen, R., & Macnaghten, P. (2013). Developing a framework for responsible innovation. Research Policy, 42(9), 1568-1580.
نام‌های دیگر	Anticipatory governance framework, Foresight-engagement-integration analysis, Reflexive technology governance	RRI assessment, Responsible innovation framework, AIRR assessment
مرتبط	4	4
خلاصه	Anticipatory governance is a framework for steering emerging technologies—nanotechnology, synthetic biology, AI—while their trajectories are still open, rather than waiting to react to harms after they have hardened. Developed by David Guston and colleagues at the Center for Nanotechnology in Society at Arizona State University, it defines anticipatory governance as a broad societal capacity, distributed across the research enterprise and the public, built from three intertwined components: foresight, public engagement, and integration. The aim is not to predict the future but to build the reflexive capacity to imagine plausible futures and act on them wisely in the present.	Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) assessment is an approach to governing science and innovation that asks not only whether a technology works but whether it is desirable, and seeks to align research and innovation with the values, needs, and expectations of society. The influential Stilgoe-Owen-Macnaghten framework operationalises this through four dimensions—anticipation, reflexivity, inclusion, and responsiveness (AIRR)—that are built into the innovation process so that direction and purpose, not just risk and product, become objects of deliberate care.