مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	پژوهش عملیاتی	پژوهش مبتنی بر طراحی
حوزه	پژوهش کیفی	روش‌های میدانی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1946	1992
پدیدآور	Kurt Lewin; expanded by Kemmis, McTaggart, Reason & Bradbury	Ann L. Brown and Allan Collins (independently, 1992)
نوع	Method	Interventionist qualitative-quantitative mixed methodology
منبع بنیادین	Lewin, K. (1946). Action research and minority problems. Journal of Social Issues, 2(4), 34–46.	Brown, A. L. (1992). Design experiments: Theoretical and methodological challenges in creating complex interventions in classroom settings. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 2(2), 141–178.
نام‌های دیگر	Participatory Action Research, PAR, Collaborative Inquiry	DBR, design research, design experiment, educational design research
مرتبط	1	6
خلاصه	Action research is a collaborative research methodology in which researchers work with practitioners and community members to investigate a problem, implement change, and evaluate outcomes, cycling through reflection, action, and learning. Developed by Kurt Lewin (1946), action research bridges research and practice, aiming simultaneously to produce knowledge and practical improvement.	Design-based research (DBR) is an iterative, interventionist methodology that simultaneously designs educational interventions and builds theory about how and why those interventions work in authentic, complex settings. Originating in Ann Brown's 1992 classroom experiments and Allan Collins's parallel work, DBR treats the learning environment as both the object of study and the site of theory generation, cycling through design, enactment, analysis, and redesign until both practical improvement and theoretical insight are achieved.