Võrdle meetodeid

	SIBTEST	DINA mudel	DINO mudel	Necessary Condition Analysis
Valdkond	Psühhomeetria	Psühhomeetria	Psühhomeetria	Psühhomeetria
Perekond	Latent structure	Latent structure	Latent structure	Latent structure
Tekkeaasta	1993	2001	2006	2016
Looja	Richard Shealy, William F. Stout	Brian Junker, Klaas Sijtsma	James Templin, Russell Henson	Jan Dul
Tüüp	Differential item functioning (DIF) assessment	Discrete latent class model	Disjunctive latent class model	Set-theoretic configurational analysis
Algallikas	Shealy, R., & Stout, W. F. (1993). A model-based standardization approach that separates true bias/DIF from group differences and detects test bias/DTF. Psychometrika, 58(2), 159-194.	Junker, B. W., & Sijtsma, K. (2001). Cognitive assessment models with few assumptions, and connections with nonparametric item response theory. Applied Psychological Measurement, 25(3), 258-272.	Templin, J., & Henson, R. A. (2006). Measurement of psychological disorders using cognitive diagnosis models. Psychological Methods, 11(3), 287-305.	Dul, J. (2016). Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA): Logic and methodology of "necessary but not sufficient" causality. Organizational Research Methods, 19(1), 10-52.
Rööpnimetused	—	DINA	DINO	NCA
Seotud	5	4	4	5
Kokkuvõte	SIBTEST (Simultaneous Item Bias Test) is a non-parametric method for detecting differential item functioning (DIF) and differential test functioning (DTF) developed by Shealy and Stout (1993). Unlike parametric approaches, SIBTEST does not assume a particular item response model and directly tests whether groups differ in their probability of correct responses at equal levels of overall ability.	The DINA Model (Deterministic Inputs, Noisy Outputs) is a cognitive diagnostic model developed by Junker and Sijtsma (2001) that classifies examinees into latent skill classes based on their item response patterns. DINA assumes a deterministic relationship between skill mastery and correct responses, with probabilistic error accounting for guessing and slips.	The DINO Model (Deterministic Inputs, Noisy Outputs—Disjunctive) is a cognitive diagnostic model that relaxes DINA's conjunctive (AND) skill requirement logic. DINO assumes an examinee only needs to master one of multiple possible skill pathways to answer an item correctly, making it suitable for scenarios where skills are substitutable or alternative routes to success exist.	Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA) is a set-theoretic method developed by Dul (2016) that identifies conditions necessary (but not necessarily sufficient) for an outcome to occur. Unlike regression, which estimates average effects, NCA identifies absolute thresholds: conditions that must be present at a certain level for the outcome to be possible, regardless of other factors.