Comparar métodos

	Método de Variables Instrumentales (VI) para Inferencia Causal	Modelado de análisis de decisiones en economía de la salud
Campo	Economía de la salud	Economía de la salud
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Año de origen	1990s (modern applications)	1975
Autor original	Angrist & Pischke (applied econometrics); rooted in econometric theory	Pauker & Kassirer (medical decision analysis, Massachusetts General Hospital)
Tipo	Method	Method
Fuente seminal	Angrist, J. D., & Pischke, J. S. (2009). Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion. Princeton: Princeton University Press.	Pauker, S. G., & Kassirer, J. P. (1975). Therapeutic Decision Making: A Cost-Benefit Analysis. New England Journal of Medicine, 293(5), 229-234.
Alias	IV, two-stage least squares, TSLS, causal estimation	decision analysis, decision tree, decision model, health economic model
Relacionados	3	5
Resumen	Instrumental variables (IV) is an econometric method to estimate causal effects when treatment or exposure is not randomly assigned and confounding is severe or unmeasured. IV relies on a third variable (instrument) that influences treatment but does not directly affect the outcome, allowing researchers to isolate the causal effect from the noise of confounding. Developed extensively in econometrics (Angrist & Pischke, 1990s–2000s), IV methods are increasingly used in health economics and health services research to leverage natural experiments and policy changes.	Decision analytic modeling is a systematic framework for comparing health interventions by integrating evidence on probabilities, outcomes, costs, and patient preferences into a quantitative model. Developed by Pauker and Kassirer in 1975, decision analysis structures clinical uncertainty and economic trade-offs, enabling transparent comparison of treatment options and identification of optimal strategies. Used in health technology assessment, clinical practice guideline development, and resource allocation decisions.