Process / pipelineBattery Management
State of Charge
State of Charge (SOC) is the amount of energy available in a battery or energy storage system, expressed as a percentage of its maximum capacity. Accurate SOC estimation is critical for safe operation: underestimating SOC can cause unsafe discharges, overestimating can cause overcharging. SOC estimation combines current integration (coulomb counting), voltage-based methods, and Kalman filtering to achieve accuracy despite measurement noise and model uncertainties.
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Sources
- Plett, G. L. (2004). Extended Kalman filtering for battery management systems of LiPB-based HEV battery packs. Journal of Power Sources, 134(2), 252-261. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.02.031 ↗
- He, H., Xiong, R., & Fan, J. (2011). Evaluation of lithium-ion battery equivalent circuit models for state of charge estimation by an extended Kalman filter. Journal of Power Sources, 196(6), 3365-3373. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.11.062 ↗