Recovery Assessment Scale (RAS)

Five items require reverse-scoring: items 10, 12, 17, 24, and 34 (the specific item numbers may vary by version). For each of these, recode the response as follows: 1→5, 2→4, 3→3, 4→2, 5→1. Reverse-scoring ensures that higher total scores consistently reflect greater recovery orientation.

The RAS does not define a single threshold for 'recovery.' However, empirical studies suggest that RAS scores >155 typically indicate high recovery orientation. Scores 105–154 are moderate, and <105 are low. Recovery is best understood as a continuous process rather than a binary state. Clinical judgment and multidimensional assessment (symptoms, functioning, goals) should accompany RAS interpretation.

While the RAS can be administered to acutely ill individuals, its reliability and validity may be reduced if severe cognitive impairment, paranoia, or active delusions are present. It is generally better suited to individuals who are stable enough to engage in self-reflection and provide reliable responses. In acute crisis settings, symptom-focused measures are typically more appropriate.

Frequency depends on the clinical or research context. In routine clinical care, quarterly (every 3 months) or semi-annual administration is common. In intensive interventions or research studies, monthly or bimonthly administration may be warranted. The RAS is sensitive to change, but meaningful shifts in total scores typically require 3–6 months of sustained intervention or recovery work.