MCDMRelative error metric

Symmetric MAPE (sMAPE)

Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error is a refinement of MAPE that addresses its asymmetry by using the average of actual and predicted values as the denominator. Proposed by J. Scott Armstrong and refined by Makridakis (1993) and Hyndman & Koehler (2006), sMAPE treats over- and under-predictions symmetrically.

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Sources

  1. Armstrong, J. S. (1985). Long-range forecasting: from crystal ball to computer (2nd ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0471082010
  2. Hyndman, R. J., & Koehler, A. B. (2006). Another look at measures of forecast accuracy. International Journal of Forecasting, 22(4), 679-688. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijforecast.2006.03.001
  3. Makridakis, S. (1993). Accuracy measures for a robust comparison of forecasting methods. International Journal of Forecasting, 9(4), 679-688. DOI: 10.1016/0169-2070(93)90079-3

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Referenced by

ScholarGateSymmetric MAPE (Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error). Retrieved 2026-06-04 from https://scholargate.app/en/model-evaluation/symmetric-mape