Visual Analysis of Single-Case Data
Visual analysis is the primary method for judging whether an intervention produced an effect in single-case and single-system designs: the data are plotted as a time series across baseline and intervention phases and read systematically for changes in level, trend, variability, immediacy of effect, overlap between phases, and consistency across similar phases. Rooted in applied behavior analysis and codified by the What Works Clearinghouse single-case standards, it treats the graph itself as the evidence and reserves the label 'effect' for changes that are clear, replicated within the design, and unlikely to reflect ordinary fluctuation.
Source record
Citations copied verbatim from the method’s source record. No claim-level verification is inferred from them.
- Kratochwill, T. R., Hitchcock, J., Horner, R. H., Levin, J. R., Odom, S. L., Rindskopf, D. M., & Shadish, W. R. (2010). Single-Case Designs Technical Documentation. What Works Clearinghouse, U.S. Department of Education. · URL
- Kazdin, A. E. (2011). Single-Case Research Designs: Methods for Clinical and Applied Settings (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. · ISBN 9780195341881
Curated claims
Claims persisted in the evidence ledger, each with its own assessment.
This view does not invent a claim assessment when the ledger has none.
Related methods
Generated from the method graph and shown as machine-suggested relations — no evidence claim is inferred.