Spiral of Silence Survey
The spiral of silence survey operationalizes Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann's 1974 theory that people who perceive their opinion to be in the minority grow reluctant to express it for fear of social isolation, which makes the apparent majority seem ever stronger — a self-reinforcing spiral. The method measures individuals' own opinions, their perception of the opinion climate, their fear of isolation, and their willingness to speak out, then models how these combine.
Source record
Citations copied verbatim from the method’s source record. No claim-level verification is inferred from them.
- Noelle-Neumann, E. (1974). The spiral of silence: A theory of public opinion. Journal of Communication, 24(2), 43–51. · DOI 10.1111/j.1460-2466.1974.tb00367.x
- Scheufele, D. A., & Moy, P. (2000). Twenty-five years of the spiral of silence: A conceptual review and empirical outlook. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 12(1), 3–28. · DOI 10.1093/ijpor/12.1.3
Curated claims
Claims persisted in the evidence ledger, each with its own assessment.
This view does not invent a claim assessment when the ledger has none.
Related methods
Generated from the method graph and shown as machine-suggested relations — no evidence claim is inferred.