Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics
Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is a meshfree particle method for simulating fluid dynamics, developed independently by Lucy in 1977 and Gingold and Monaghan in 1977. Rather than discretizing on a fixed grid, SPH represents fluids as collections of particles that carry mass, momentum, and energy. Each particle interacts with neighbors within a kernel support radius, enabling natural handling of free surfaces, large deformations, and multiphase flows without remeshing. SPH has become indispensable for simulations involving violent flows, impacts, and complex interfaces.
Source record
Citations copied verbatim from the method’s source record. No claim-level verification is inferred from them.
- Lucy, L. B. (1977). A numerical approach to the testing of the fission hypothesis. The Astronomical Journal, 82(12), 1013-1024. · DOI 10.1086/112164
- Gingold, R. A., & Monaghan, J. J. (1977). Smoothed particle hydrodynamics: theory and applications to non-spherical stars. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 181(3), 375-389. · DOI 10.1093/mnras/181.3.375
- Monaghan, J. J. (2005). Smoothed particle hydrodynamics. Reports on Progress in Physics, 68(8), 1703-1759. · DOI 10.1088/0034-4885/68/8/R01
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