Basic Psychological Needs Scale
The Basic Psychological Needs Questionnaire (BPNQ), developed by Gagné (2003) and grounded in Self-Determination Theory by Deci and Ryan, measures satisfaction of three fundamental human psychological needs: Autonomy, Competence, and Relatedness. According to Self-Determination Theory, these three needs are universally necessary for psychological health, well-being, and intrinsic motivation across all life domains. The 21-item BPNQ assesses the extent to which an individual perceives these needs are being met in their current context. It is widely used in research examining motivation, well-being, mental health, exercise engagement, work satisfaction, education, and psychotherapy effectiveness.
Source record
Citations copied verbatim from the method’s source record. No claim-level verification is inferred from them.
- Gagné, M. (2003). The role of autonomy support and autonomy orientation in prosocial behavior engagement. Motivation and Emotion, 27(3), 199-223. · DOI 10.1023/A:1025007614869
- Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The 'what' and 'why' of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227-268. · DOI 10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01
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Related methods
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