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Second-Order Reliability Method/Evidence
Method evidence record

Second-Order Reliability Method

The Second-Order Reliability Method (SORM) is an extension of FORM that improves failure probability estimates by accounting for the curvature of the limit-state surface at the design point. Introduced by Fiessler, Neumann, and Rackwitz in 1979, SORM provides more accurate approximations for nonlinear failure surfaces while remaining computationally efficient. It has become the standard refinement when FORM accuracy is insufficient.

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Source record

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Second-Order Reliability Method (SORM)
Taxonomic method record · process-pipeline / reliability-engineering
  • Fiessler, B., Neumann, H. J., & Rackwitz, R. (1979). Quadratic limit states in structural reliability. Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division, 105(4), 661-676. · DOI 10.1061/jmcea3.0002512
  • Breitung, K. (1984). Asymptotic approximations for multinormal integrals. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 110(3), 357-366. · DOI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1984)110:3(357)
  • Hohenbichler, M., & Rackwitz, R. (1988). Improvement of second-order reliability estimates by importance sampling. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 114(12), 2195-2199. · DOI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1988)114:12(2195)
  • Melchers, R. E. (2002). Structural Reliability Analysis and Prediction (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. · URL
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Related methods

Generated from the method graph and shown as machine-suggested relations — no evidence claim is inferred.

Taxonomic bucketFirst-Order Reliability Methodmachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.Same method familyHighly Accelerated Life Testingmachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.Same method familyRainflow Countingmachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.Same method familyResponse Surface Desirability Functionmachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.

Evidence status

Sources recorded, not reviewed

Bibliographic sources are present. Claim-level evidence review has not been performed.

Sources

4 recorded citations, copied from the method source record.

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