Method evidence record

Ripley K Function

The Ripley K function, introduced by Brian Ripley in 1977, is a second-order summary statistic for spatial point patterns. It measures how the number of points within a given distance d of a typical point compares to what would be expected under complete spatial randomness (CSR). Widely used in ecology, epidemiology, criminology, and geography, the K function reveals whether events cluster, disperse, or distribute randomly across a study area at multiple spatial scales simultaneously.

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Ripley K Function (Point Pattern Analysis)

Taxonomic method record · hypothesis-test / spatial-analysis

Ripley, B. D. (1977). Modelling spatial patterns. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B, 39(2), 172–212. · DOI 10.1111/j.2517-6161.1977.tb01615.x

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Same method familyGeary's Cmachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.Used in the same domainGetis-Ord Gi*machine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.