Rate of Force Development
Rate of force development (RFD) is the speed at which force is produced during the initial phase of muscle contraction, typically expressed as the slope of the force-time curve in the first 50, 100, or 200 milliseconds of isometric contraction. Introduced comprehensively by Aagaard and colleagues (2002), RFD is a measure of explosive strength capacity and neural drive efficiency. Unlike maximal voluntary strength (which captures peak force), RFD captures how quickly an athlete can generate that force—a critical quality in sports requiring rapid, explosive movements (sprinting starts, jumping, tackling). RFD improves dramatically with strength training, reflecting increased motor unit recruitment rate and firing frequency.
Source record
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- Aagaard, P., Simonsen, E. B., Andersen, J. L., Magnusson, P., & Dyhre-Poulsen, P. (2002). Increased rate of force development and neural drive of human skeletal muscle following resistance training. Journal of Applied Physiology, 93(3), 1318-1326. · DOI 10.1152/japplphysiol.00283.2002
- Viitasalo, J. T., & Bosco, C. (1982). Electromechanical behaviour of human muscles in vertical jumps. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 48(2), 253-262. · DOI 10.1007/bf00422986
- Haff, G. G., Carlock, J. M., Hartman, M. J., Kilgore, J. L., Kawamori, N., Jackson, J. K., ... & Stone, M. H. (2005). Force-time dependent characteristics of dynamic and isometric muscle actions. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 19(2), 269-279. · URL
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