Multi-level weighted sampling
Multi-level weighted sampling is a probability-based survey design that draws samples from hierarchically nested populations — such as students within classrooms within schools within districts — and assigns design weights at each level to account for unequal selection probabilities. The resulting weighted data enable unbiased population-level inference despite the complex, non-proportional structure of the sampling frame. It is the backbone of major international assessments such as PISA and TIMSS.
Source record
Citations copied verbatim from the method’s source record. No claim-level verification is inferred from them.
- Kish, L. (1965). Survey Sampling. John Wiley & Sons. New York. · ISBN 978-0471109495
- Skinner, C. J., Holt, D., & Smith, T. M. F. (Eds.). (1989). Analysis of Complex Surveys. John Wiley & Sons. Chichester. · ISBN 978-0471918455
Curated claims
Claims persisted in the evidence ledger, each with its own assessment.
This view does not invent a claim assessment when the ledger has none.
Related methods
Generated from the method graph and shown as machine-suggested relations — no evidence claim is inferred.