Method evidence record

Hierarchical Linear Modeling

Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM), also known as Multilevel Modeling (MLM), is a parametric statistical method for analyzing nested or clustered data — for example students within classrooms, patients within hospitals, or employees within organizations. Formalized by Raudenbush and Bryk in their 2002 seminal text (building on work from the mid-1980s), HLM simultaneously estimates individual-level and group-level effects while correctly partitioning variance across levels.

Sources recorded, not reviewed

Source record

Citations copied verbatim from the method’s source record. No claim-level verification is inferred from them.

Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM / Multilevel Modeling)

Taxonomic method record · hypothesis-test / statistics

Raudenbush, S.W. & Bryk, A.S. (2002). Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods (2nd ed.). Sage. · ISBN 978-0761919049
Hox, J.J. (2010). Multilevel Analysis: Techniques and Applications (2nd ed.). Routledge. · DOI 10.4324/9780203852279

Open full method

Curated claims

Claims persisted in the evidence ledger, each with its own assessment.

No curated claims yet

This view does not invent a claim assessment when the ledger has none.

Related methods

Generated from the method graph and shown as machine-suggested relations — no evidence claim is inferred.

Used in the same domainMixed Effects Modelmachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.Same method familyOne-way ANOVAmachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.Same method familyRepeated-measures ANOVAmachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.Used in the same domainSEMmachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.