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Geometric Morphometrics/Evidence
Method evidence record

Geometric Morphometrics

Geometric morphometrics is a quantitative analytical method that captures, analyzes, and compares the shapes of biological structures (bones, teeth, pottery) using coordinate data from landmarks and outlines. Developed by Fred Bookstein in the 1990s, GMM provides a rigorous statistical framework for studying shape variation across populations or time periods. The method allows archaeologists to quantify morphological differences between individuals, populations, or artifact classes with precision impossible using traditional linear measurements.

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Source record

Citations copied verbatim from the method’s source record. No claim-level verification is inferred from them.

Geometric Morphometrics (GMM)
Taxonomic method record · process-pipeline / archaeology
  • Bookstein, F. L. (1991). Morphometric Tools for Landmark Data: Geometry and Biology. Cambridge University Press. · DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511573064
  • Zelditch, M. L., Swiderski, D. L., Sheets, H. D., & Fink, W. L. (2004). Geometric Morphometrics for Biologists: A Primer. Elsevier. · URL
  • Rohlf, F. J., & Slice, D. E. (1990). Extensions of the Procrustes method for the optimal superimposition of landmarks. Systematic Zoology, 39(1), 40-59. · DOI 10.2307/2992207
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Curated claims

Claims persisted in the evidence ledger, each with its own assessment.

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Related methods

Generated from the method graph and shown as machine-suggested relations — no evidence claim is inferred.

Same method familyDental Microwear Texture Analysismachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.Same method familyMinimum Number of Individualsmachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.Same method familyNumber of Identified Specimensmachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.Same method familyUse-Wear Analysismachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.

Evidence status

Sources recorded, not reviewed

Bibliographic sources are present. Claim-level evidence review has not been performed.

Sources

3 recorded citations, copied from the method source record.

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