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Focal Animal Sampling/Evidence
Method evidence record

Focal Animal Sampling

Focal Animal Sampling (FAS) is a systematic observational method in which an observer focuses on one individual animal at a time, recording its behavior continuously or at regular intervals for a fixed period. Introduced by Jeanne Altmann in 1974, FAS provides detailed, quantitative ethograms of individual behavior, making it essential for studying animal behavioral ecology, welfare, and responses to environmental changes.

Sources recorded, not reviewed

Source record

Citations copied verbatim from the method’s source record. No claim-level verification is inferred from them.

Focal Animal Sampling Behavioral Observation Method
Taxonomic method record · process-pipeline / veterinary-science
  • Altmann, J. (1974). Observational study of behavior: sampling methods. Behaviour, 49(3-4), 227-267. · DOI 10.1163/156853974X00534
  • Martin, P., & Bateson, P. P. (1993). Measuring Behaviour: An Introductory Guide (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. · URL
  • Lehner, P. N. (1996). Handbook of Ethological Methods (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. · URL
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Curated claims

Claims persisted in the evidence ledger, each with its own assessment.

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Related methods

Generated from the method graph and shown as machine-suggested relations — no evidence claim is inferred.

Same method familyEquine Gait Analysismachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.Same method familyPolysomnographymachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.Taxonomic bucketScan Samplingmachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.

Evidence status

Sources recorded, not reviewed

Bibliographic sources are present. Claim-level evidence review has not been performed.

Sources

3 recorded citations, copied from the method source record.

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