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DIF Analysis/Evidence
Method evidence record

DIF Analysis

Differential Item Functioning analysis examines whether examinees from different groups — such as gender, ethnicity, or language background — who have the same underlying ability respond differently to a test item. First formalised by Holland and Thayer in 1988 via the Mantel-Haenszel procedure, it is the principal tool in modern test development for detecting and removing item bias.

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Citations copied verbatim from the method’s source record. No claim-level verification is inferred from them.

Differential Item Functioning Analysis
Taxonomic method record · latent-structure / psychometrics
  • Holland, P. W. & Thayer, D. T. (1988). Differential Item Performance and the Mantel-Haenszel Procedure. ETS Research Report Series. · URL
  • Magis, D., Beland, S., Tuerlinckx, F. & De Boeck, P. (2010). A General Framework and an R Package for the Detection of Dichotomous Differential Item Functioning. Behavior Research Methods, 42(3), 847–862. · DOI 10.3758/BRM.42.3.847
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Related methods

Generated from the method graph and shown as machine-suggested relations — no evidence claim is inferred.

Same method familyConfirmatory factor analysismachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.Same method familyEFAmachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.Same method familyItem Analysismachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.Same method familyMeasurement Invariancemachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.

Evidence status

Sources recorded, not reviewed

Bibliographic sources are present. Claim-level evidence review has not been performed.

Sources

2 recorded citations, copied from the method source record.

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