Method evidence record

Counterfactual Explanations

Counterfactual explanations, introduced by Wachter, Mittelstadt, and Russell in 2017, answer the question: 'What is the smallest change to the input that would have produced a different model output?' Rather than explaining why a model made a decision, they describe what would need to change for that decision to be reversed, making them particularly valuable for high-stakes applications such as credit scoring, medical diagnosis, and hiring decisions under frameworks like the EU GDPR.

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Citations copied verbatim from the method’s source record. No claim-level verification is inferred from them.

Taxonomic method record · ml-model / machine-learning

Wachter, S., Mittelstadt, B., & Russell, C. (2017). Counterfactual explanations without opening the black box: Automated decisions and the GDPR. Harvard Journal of Law & Technology, 31, 841–887. · URL

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Related methods

Generated from the method graph and shown as machine-suggested relations — no evidence claim is inferred.

Taxonomic bucketLIMEmachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.See alsoLogistic Regressionmachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.