Cognitive Reflection Test
The Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT) is a brief measure of cognitive reflection—the ability to override intuitive, reflexive answers in favor of deliberate, analytical reasoning. Participants answer problems that have an intuitive but incorrect answer and a correct answer requiring reflection. The CRT reveals individual differences in the tendency to engage in slow, deliberate thinking (System 2) versus relying on fast, intuitive judgments (System 1). CRT scores predict performance on reasoning tasks, economic decisions, and susceptibility to cognitive biases.
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Citations copied verbatim from the method’s source record. No claim-level verification is inferred from them.
- Frederick, S. (2005). Cognitive reflection and decision making. Journal of Economic Literature, 43(4), 1047-1048. · URL
- Primi, C., Morsanyi, K., Chiesi, F., Donati, M. A., & Hamilton, J. (2014). The development and testing of a new version of the Cognitive Reflection Test applying Item Response Theory (IRT). Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 27(5), 397-411. · DOI 10.1002/bdm.1883
- Toplak, M. E., West, R. F., & Stanovich, K. E. (2011). The Cognitive Reflection Test as a predictor of performance on heuristics-and-biases tasks. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 24(2), 185-194. · DOI 10.3758/s13421-011-0104-1
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