Between Estimator
The Between Estimator is a panel data regression technique that identifies regression coefficients exclusively from cross-sectional variation across individuals, by collapsing the panel to individual-specific time-averaged observations and applying ordinary least squares to those group means. It is used in economics, sociology, and political science when researchers are interested in long-run or structural differences between units rather than short-run within-unit dynamics.
Source record
Citations copied verbatim from the method’s source record. No claim-level verification is inferred from them.
- Baltagi, B. H. (2008). Econometric Analysis of Panel Data (4th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. · ISBN 978-0-470-51886-1
Curated claims
Claims persisted in the evidence ledger, each with its own assessment.
This view does not invent a claim assessment when the ledger has none.
Related methods
Generated from the method graph and shown as machine-suggested relations — no evidence claim is inferred.