Method evidence record

Altman Z-Score

The Altman Z-Score is a linear discriminant model developed by Edward I. Altman in 1968 to predict corporate bankruptcy using five accounting-based financial ratios. Derived through multiple discriminant analysis on a matched sample of 66 US manufacturing firms, the model combines liquidity, profitability, leverage, solvency, and activity ratios into a single composite score that classifies firms as financially sound, distressed, or in a grey zone.

Sources recorded, not reviewed

Source record

Citations copied verbatim from the method’s source record. No claim-level verification is inferred from them.

Altman Z-Score Bankruptcy Prediction

Taxonomic method record · regression-model / finance

Altman, E. I. (1968). Financial ratios, discriminant analysis and the prediction of corporate bankruptcy. The Journal of Finance, 23(4), 589–609. · DOI 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1968.tb00843.x

Open full method

Curated claims

Claims persisted in the evidence ledger, each with its own assessment.

No curated claims yet

This view does not invent a claim assessment when the ledger has none.

Related methods

Generated from the method graph and shown as machine-suggested relations — no evidence claim is inferred.

Same method familyBeneish M-Scoremachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.Same method familyCredit Scoringmachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.See alsoLinear Discriminant Analysismachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.