Alizarin Red Staining
Alizarin red-S (1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone-3-sulfonic acid) is a calcium-binding dye that forms a colored complex with mineralized deposits, enabling direct visualization and quantification of bone matrix mineralization. Developed as a standard assay by Gregory and colleagues in 2004, alizarin red staining is widely used to evaluate osteogenic differentiation of stem cells, assess the mineralization-promoting effects of biomaterial scaffolds and growth factors, and measure the calcium content of bone tissue and engineered constructs. The assay is rapid, quantitative, and provides both visual and colorimetric readout.
Source record
Citations copied verbatim from the method’s source record. No claim-level verification is inferred from them.
- Gregory, C. A., Gunn, W. G., Peister, A., & Prockop, D. J. (2004). An Alizarin red-based assay of mineralization by adherent cells in culture: comparison with cetylpyridinium chloride extraction. Analytical Biochemistry, 329(1), 77-84. · DOI 10.1016/j.ab.2004.02.002
- Langenbach, F., & Handschel, J. (2016). Effects of dexamethasone, ascorbic acid and beta-glycerophosphate on the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells in vitro. Stem Cell Reviews and Reports, 9(3), 355-365. · URL
- Ozdamar, U., Kutlu, A., Aydin, E., et al. (2011). Comparison of osteogenic gene expression and mineralization of primary and precursor osteoblasts. Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports, 52(4), 565-571. · URL
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