Process / pipelineEnvironmental and Resource Economics

Travel Cost Method

The Travel Cost Method (TCM), developed by Harold Hotelling in 1949 and formalized by Marion Clawson and Jack Knetsch in the 1960s, is an econometric approach for valuing recreational sites and environmental amenities by inferring value from the travel costs (transportation, time, entry fees) that people incur to visit them. The core principle is that distance traveled and travel costs reveal how much people value a recreation site: those traveling far incur high costs, implying high value.

Apply with EconMindSoonVideoSoon

Read the full method

Members only

Sign in with a free account to read this section.

Sign in

Sources

  1. Hotelling, H. (1949). An Economic Study of the Monetary Valuation of Recreation in the National Parks. U.S. Department of Interior, National Park Service. link
  2. Clawson, M., & Knetsch, J. L. (1966). Economics of Outdoor Recreation. Johns Hopkins Press. link
  3. English, D. B., Kellogg, F. W., & Larson, D. M. (2003). Estimating the Value of Protecting Forests from Fire. Journal of Forest Economics, 9(3), 51–73. DOI: 10.1016/S1104-6899(04)80007-6

Related methods

Referenced by

ScholarGateTravel Cost Method (Travel Cost Method (TCM)). Retrieved 2026-06-04 from https://scholargate.app/en/economics/travel-cost-method