Time-MoE: Mixture-of-Experts Time-Series Foundation Model

Time-MoE is a billion-scale autoregressive foundation model for universal time-series forecasting, introduced by Shi et al. in 2024 and accepted at ICLR 2025. It combines a decoder-only transformer architecture with sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) feed-forward layers, enabling the model to scale to billions of parameters while activating only a small subset of expert networks per token—dramatically increasing capacity without proportional compute cost.