Compare methods

	Symbolic Racism 2000 Scale	Right-Wing Authoritarianism Scale
Field	Political Psychology	Social Psychology
Family	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Year of origin	2002	1981
Originator	P. J. Henry & David O. Sears	Bob Altemeyer
Type	Self-report attitude scale	Self-report Likert scale
Seminal source	Henry, P. J., & Sears, D. O. (2002). The Symbolic Racism 2000 Scale. Political Psychology, 23(2), 253-283.	Altemeyer, B. (1981). Right-wing authoritarianism. University of Manitoba Press.
Aliases	SR2K, Symbolic Racism Scale, Racial Resentment Scale, Modern Racism Scale	RWA
Related	4	4
Summary	The Symbolic Racism 2000 Scale (SR2K), developed by Henry and Sears (2002), is an 8-item self-report measure of symbolic racism, a contemporary, subtle form of anti-Black prejudice that blends early-learned negative affect toward a group with traditional moral values such as individualism and the work ethic. It descends from the symbolic-racism construct introduced by Kinder and Sears (1981) and is closely related to the racial-resentment battery used in the American National Election Studies.	The Right-Wing Authoritarianism Scale (RWA) is a self-report measure developed by Bob Altemeyer in 1981 to assess individual differences in authoritarian attitudes, including submission to established authorities, adherence to conventional norms, and aggression toward those perceived to violate social conventions. The scale measures three core dimensions: authoritarian submission, authoritarian aggression, and conventionalism. It has become a cornerstone of research on authoritarianism, political attitudes, and intergroup prejudice.