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| Need for Closure Scale× | Right-Wing Authoritarianism Scale× | |
|---|---|---|
| Field≠ | Political Psychology | Social Psychology |
| Family | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Year of origin≠ | 1994 | 1981 |
| Originator≠ | Donna M. Webster & Arie W. Kruglanski | Bob Altemeyer |
| Type≠ | Self-report individual-difference scale | Self-report Likert scale |
| Seminal source≠ | Webster, D. M., & Kruglanski, A. W. (1994). Individual differences in need for cognitive closure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(6), 1049-1062. DOI ↗ | Altemeyer, B. (1981). Right-wing authoritarianism. University of Manitoba Press. link ↗ |
| Aliases≠ | NFCS, Need for Cognitive Closure Scale, Webster-Kruglanski Scale | RWA |
| Related | 4 | 4 |
| Summary≠ | The Need for Cognitive Closure Scale, developed by Webster and Kruglanski (1994), measures a stable individual difference in the desire for a firm, definite answer to a question and an aversion to ambiguity and uncertainty. High need for closure is a key epistemic-motivation construct in political psychology, linked to conservatism, prejudice, intolerance of dissent, and resistance to belief change. | The Right-Wing Authoritarianism Scale (RWA) is a self-report measure developed by Bob Altemeyer in 1981 to assess individual differences in authoritarian attitudes, including submission to established authorities, adherence to conventional norms, and aggression toward those perceived to violate social conventions. The scale measures three core dimensions: authoritarian submission, authoritarian aggression, and conventionalism. It has become a cornerstone of research on authoritarianism, political attitudes, and intergroup prejudice. |
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