Compare methods

	Multimodal Content Analysis	Framing Analysis
Field	Communication	Communication
Family	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Year of origin	2006	1993
Originator	Multimodality theory (Kress & van Leeuwen)	Robert M. Entman (synthesis); roots in Goffman, Tuchman, Gitlin
Type	Analysis of meaning across multiple modes (text, image, sound, layout)	Interpretive-quantitative analysis of how messages select and emphasize aspects of reality
Seminal source	Kress, G., & van Leeuwen, T. (2006). Reading Images: The Grammar of Visual Design (2nd ed.). London: Routledge. ISBN: 9780415319157	Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51–58.
Aliases	Multimodal analysis, Multimodal discourse analysis (content), Text-image-sound content analysis, Çok Kipli İçerik Analizi	Frame analysis, Media framing analysis method, Frame mapping, Çerçeveleme Analizi
Related	4	5
Summary	Multimodal content analysis studies how communication makes meaning through the combination of several modes at once — written and spoken language, images, layout, color, gesture, music, and sound. Grounded in the social-semiotic theory of Kress and van Leeuwen, it analyzes each mode by its own meaning-making resources and, crucially, how the modes work together, since modern media messages are rarely text alone.	Framing analysis is a communication research method for studying how messages select certain aspects of a perceived reality and make them more salient — promoting a particular problem definition, causal interpretation, moral evaluation, and treatment recommendation. Building on Robert Entman's influential 1993 synthesis, it moves beyond counting what is present to reconstructing the organizing ideas, or frames, that give media coverage its meaning and persuasive shape.