Compare methods

	Gain-Loss Message Framing Analysis	Elaboration Likelihood Analysis
Field	Communication	Communication
Family	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Year of origin	1997	1986
Originator	Rothman & Salovey (health framing synthesis); roots in Kahneman & Tversky	Richard Petty & John Cacioppo
Type	Experiment comparing gain- versus loss-framed persuasive messages	Dual-process experimental analysis of attitude change
Seminal source	Rothman, A. J., & Salovey, P. (1997). Shaping perceptions to motivate healthy behavior: The role of message framing. Psychological Bulletin, 121(1), 3–19.	Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1986). The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion. In Communication and Persuasion (pp. 1–24). New York: Springer.
Aliases	Message framing analysis, Gain-loss framing study, Valence framing experiment, Kazanç-Kayıp Mesaj Çerçeveleme Analizi	ELM analysis, Dual-process persuasion experiment, Central and peripheral route analysis, Ayrıntılandırma Olasılığı Modeli Analizi
Related	4	4
Summary	Gain-loss message framing analysis is an experimental method for testing whether a persuasive appeal works better when it stresses the benefits of acting (gain frame) or the costs of not acting (loss frame). Grounded in prospect theory and synthesized for health communication by Rothman and Salovey, it predicts that loss frames are more persuasive for risky detection behaviors while gain frames win for safe prevention behaviors.	Elaboration likelihood analysis applies Petty and Cacioppo's 1986 Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) to study persuasion through experiments that cross message argument quality with peripheral cues under varying levels of audience motivation and ability to think. It identifies whether attitude change travels the central route — effortful scrutiny of arguments — or the peripheral route, reliance on simple cues like source attractiveness or message length.