Compare methods

	Cultivation Analysis	Framing Analysis
Field	Communication	Communication
Family	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Year of origin	1976	1993
Originator	George Gerbner & Larry Gross	Robert M. Entman (synthesis); roots in Goffman, Tuchman, Gitlin
Type	Two-part method linking media message systems to audience worldviews	Interpretive-quantitative analysis of how messages select and emphasize aspects of reality
Seminal source	Gerbner, G., & Gross, L. (1976). Living with television: The violence profile. Journal of Communication, 26(2), 173–199.	Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51–58.
Aliases	Cultivation theory analysis, Cultivation research, Mean world / message-system analysis, Kültivasyon Analizi	Frame analysis, Media framing analysis method, Frame mapping, Çerçeveleme Analizi
Related	4	5
Summary	Cultivation analysis is the research method underlying cultivation theory, which holds that long-term, cumulative exposure to television gradually shapes viewers' conceptions of social reality. Developed by George Gerbner and Larry Gross in the 1970s as part of the Cultural Indicators project, it combines a systematic content analysis of recurring media messages with survey comparisons of heavy versus light viewers to estimate how much television 'cultivates' a shared, often distorted, view of the world.	Framing analysis is a communication research method for studying how messages select certain aspects of a perceived reality and make them more salient — promoting a particular problem definition, causal interpretation, moral evaluation, and treatment recommendation. Building on Robert Entman's influential 1993 synthesis, it moves beyond counting what is present to reconstructing the organizing ideas, or frames, that give media coverage its meaning and persuasive shape.