Process / pipelinemood-disorder-screening
Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)
The PHQ-9 is a brief, nine-item self-report questionnaire developed by Kroenke, Spitzer, and Williams to screen for and measure the severity of depressive symptoms. Published in 2001 in the Journal of General Internal Medicine, it has become one of the most widely used depression screening instruments globally. The scale maps directly to DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder, making it valuable in both clinical and research settings.
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Sources
- Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. (2001). The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16(9), 606–613. DOI: 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x ↗
- Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B., & Löwe, B. (2010). The Patient Health Questionnaire Somatic, Anxiety, and Depressive Symptom Scales: a systematic review. General Hospital Psychiatry, 32(4), 345–359. DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2010.03.006 ↗
- Manea, L., Gilbody, S., & McMillan, D. (2012). Optimal cut-off score for diagnosing depression with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9): a meta-analysis. CMAJ, 184(15), E682–E689. DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.110829 ↗
Related methods
Referenced by
Beck Depression Inventory-IIClinical Global Impressions ScaleColumbia Suicide Severity Rating ScaleEdinburgh Postnatal Depression ScaleHamilton Depression Rating ScaleMontgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating ScalePatient Global Impression of ChangeQuick Inventory of Depressive SymptomatologySheehan Disability ScaleSomatic Symptom Scale-8