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Regression modelQuasi-experimental / causal inference

Multi-period Difference-in-Differences (Staggered DiD)

Multi-period Difference-in-Differences extends the classic two-period DiD framework to settings where units adopt treatment at different points in time. Formalised by Callaway and Sant'Anna (2021) and Goodman-Bacon (2021), it decomposes the overall treatment effect into group-time average treatment effects and addresses the bias that arises when conventional two-way fixed-effects regressions are applied to staggered adoption designs.

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Sources

  1. Callaway, B., & Sant'Anna, P. H. C. (2021). Difference-in-differences with multiple time periods. Journal of Econometrics, 225(2), 200-230. DOI: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2020.12.001 ↗
  2. Goodman-Bacon, A. (2021). Difference-in-differences with variation in treatment timing. Journal of Econometrics, 225(2), 254-277. DOI: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2021.03.014 ↗

Related methods

Difference-in-DifferencesDynamic Difference-in-DifferencesPanel Data Difference-in-DifferencesPanel Fixed EffectsSynthetic Control Method

Referenced by

Multi-period Fuzzy Regression DiscontinuityMulti-period Synthetic Control MethodRobust Difference-in-Differences

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ScholarGate — Multi-period Difference-in-differences (Multi-period Difference-in-Differences with Staggered Adoption). Retrieved 2026-06-04 from https://scholargate.app/en/causal-inference/multi-period-difference-in-differences