Process / pipelinediabetes-specific emotional and behavioral problems

Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale (PAID)

The Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale (PAID) is a 20-item self-report measure that assesses emotional and behavioral problems related to diabetes self-management, including worries about complications, regimen burden, social and family challenges, and emotional distress. Originally developed by Polonsky and colleagues in 1995, the PAID has been extensively validated and remains one of the most widely used diabetes-specific emotional assessment tools in research and clinical practice, particularly for identifying psychosocial barriers to optimal diabetes control.

Open in MethodMindSoonVideoSoon

Read the full method

Members only

Sign in with a free account to read this section.

Sign in

Sources

  1. Welch, G. W., Weinger, K., Anderson, B., & Polonsky, W. H. (1997). Responsiveness of the Problem Areas In Diabetes (PAID) questionnaire. Diabetes Care, 20(5), 696–702. DOI: 10.2337/diacare.20.5.696
  2. Polonsky, W. H., Anderson, B. J., Lohrer, P. A., Welch, G. W., Jacobson, A. M., Aponte, J. E., & Schwartz, C. E. (1995). Assessment of diabetes-related emotional and behavioral problems: Validation of the Problem Areas In Diabetes Scale. Diabetes Care, 18(10), 1330–1336. DOI: 10.2337/diacare.18.10.1330

Related methods

Referenced by

ScholarGateProblem Areas in Diabetes Scale (Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale (PAID)). Retrieved 2026-06-04 from https://scholargate.app/en/cardiology/problem-areas-in-diabetes