Process / pipelineOptical biomedical sensing

Photoplethysmography

Photoplethysmography (PPG) measures blood volume changes in tissue using light absorption, providing a non-invasive optical window into cardiovascular dynamics. Originally developed by Hertzman in 1937, PPG is now ubiquitous in pulse oximetry, smartwatches, and research applications for monitoring heart rate, blood oxygenation, and vascular function.

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Sources

  1. Allen, J. (2007). Photoplethysmography and its application in clinical physiology. Physiology & Behavior, 107(4), 540-548. DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.05.066
  2. Webster, J. G. (2002). Medical Instrumentation: Application and Design (4th ed.). Wiley. link

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Referenced by

ScholarGatePhotoplethysmography (Photoplethysmography (PPG) Analysis). Retrieved 2026-06-04 from https://scholargate.app/en/biomechanics/photoplethysmography