Time-series Epigenome-wide Association Study — Longitudinal EWAS

A time-series epigenome-wide association study (time-series EWAS) extends the classic cross-sectional EWAS design to longitudinal settings, measuring DNA methylation across the entire epigenome at multiple time points within the same subjects. The goal is to identify CpG sites whose methylation levels change systematically over time, or to characterise how epigenetic associations with an exposure or phenotype evolve across developmental stages, treatment periods, or disease trajectories.