Process / pipelineComparative Anthropology

HRAF Cross-Cultural Analysis

HRAF (Human Relations Area Files) cross-cultural analysis compares ethnographic data from diverse societies to identify patterns and test hypotheses about human social organization and cultural practices. Developed by George Murdock and colleagues, the method uses a standardized database of ethnographic information coded for comparative analysis. HRAF provides a framework for systematic cross-cultural comparison, helping archaeologists interpret prehistoric patterns through ethnographic analogy.

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Sources

  1. Murdock, G. P. (1967). Ethnographic Atlas. University of Pittsburgh Press. link
  2. Murdock, G. P., & White, D. R. (1980). Standard cross-cultural sample. Ethnology, 9(4), 329-369. DOI: 10.2307/3773428

Related methods

ScholarGateHRAF Cross-Cultural Analysis (Human Relations Area Files (HRAF) Cross-Cultural Analysis). Retrieved 2026-06-04 from https://scholargate.app/en/archaeology/hraf-cross-cultural-analysis